The effect of inadequate protection of migrants in the food

The examination paper basically investigations the impact of insufficient insurance for transient specialists in the food and refreshment industry. The exploration distinguishes the absence of sufficient haven, against movement laws and absence of essential citizen’s rights. A basic investigation of the information sources and strategies applied is thought of. The Literature survey segment features crafted by different specialists as for the examination question â€Å"What precisely does it intend to state that vagrant laborers need sufficient insurance in the food and drink industry† A further investigation on the procedure is directed which incorporates: Evaluation of lodging conditions, the effect ofâ staffing, creatures compensation and the â€Å"No-Match† examination. The examination paper isâ then directed by featuring the way that there are work deficiency in the business, in this manner there is an expanded reliance on vagrant laborers. Notwithstanding this reality, transient specialists are left without acceptable states of administration and at last absence of sufficient insurance particularly with the counter migration laws set up. The paper at that point finishes up by proposing better rights and security for vagrant laborers in the food and refreshment industry. Reason The reason for this examination is to fundamentally survey and break down the impact of insufficient insurance of vagrants in the food and refreshment industry. Degree This examination distinguishes the absence of lodging, hostile to migration laws and essential citizen’s rights in the food and drink industry. Information, sources and Methods applied. An appraisal of the lodging states of the transients was assessed. The Sonoma and Napa provinces of California was considered. The absolute quantities of the consolidated work power was resolved and from there on the rate and number of vagrants that have a haven was then assessed. A review of the effect of staffing and plant benefits because of against outsider laws was done. Yearly compensation and the activity fulfillment was overviewed among the vagrants. At long last, the utilization of the â€Å"NO - MATCH† information in the authorization of movement laws assessed to show the impact of off base procuring and data of transient laborers in the food and drink industry. Constraints Certain constraints were experienced in this examination. The impact of ill-advised clinical help and due pay have not be considered in detail because of the absence of significant information. Writing REVIEW Robert Mondavi has regularly referenced, â€Å" California has the dirts and atmosphere. California alongside Australia, has driven the wine world in specialized development in the winery and now in the vineyard-despite the fact that there is despite everything work to be done there. California can contend with other wine creating locales at pretty much every value level. From $5 a container to $100-plus,†Ã¢ (Mondavi, October 2002). Over the agreement fifty years, national reviews of Americans  (NORC 1947,1972-98; Harris 1973,1981) Shows reliably that California has one points of interest over the opposition: the vineyard laborers. There isn’t another vine developing locale that laborers with the value ethnic the capacity to quickly learn vital aptitudes and the delight of life that California has with its Mexican and other Latin American field laborers. They are an advantage that can scarcely be estimated in dollars. The Sonoma and Napa areas alone have a consolidated collect workforce of 16,000. there are just two or three hundred beds for vagrants on the whole North coast laborers stay in bed chapels, slithered into single rooms, under extensions and any place they can discover space for a cover. The vineyard laborers, the two transients and perpetual, reported and undocumented, are the most valuable ware California vine producers have. (FirstenFeld, 2002). Amelia Morgan Ceja put it well (Morgan, A.C., 2002) when she said that without the Mexican laborers, there would be no California wine industry. The laborers are dependable grown-ups, supporting natural back in Mexico. They have the right to be treated all things considered and allowedâ the reward and unwinding that originates from a cold or (why not?) a glass or two of wine. It is harshly unexpected that wine liberal ought to implement denial on their own specialists. In the course of recent decades explores have progressively researched the determinant of the impact of bigger staff (Kearl, Harris 1981) on the food and drink industry. They hypothesized that the bigger the staff and the better the government assistance, the more effective and gainful the business becomes. Solicitations for valuable work force were trailed by wishers for more correspondence and better headings, better or refreshed hardware and PC innovations, all the more preparing and the accessibility of appropriate assets. While accomplishing more with less has been an issue for quite a long time in most modern particularly the food and drink (Harper, February 2004), pending enemies of migrants laws may hugy affect the working effectiveness and staffing in industry. When asked to portrayed what, if any effect on staffing and plant administrations may happen because of enemies of exiled people laws, Nancy Cruzan, expressed that â€Å"one hundred percent of plant hourly specialists are vagrants, so we would be thankful influenced by enemies of migrants work activities (Cruzan, 2004). In any case, a few specialists are progressively hopeful. â€Å"Industry will encounter a time of work lack, however these issues will reduce after some time as the vagrants work power learns the correct procedure to pick up employment† (Doyle, 2005) and â€Å"It ought to improve staffing by giving a framework to get physical work to do incompetent occupation through a recorded controlled procedure. â€Å" (Doyle, 2005 In like manner to Joy LePree, food and refreshment laborers secure their positions fulfilling, however state there’s opportunity to get better ( LePree, December 1, 2006) Diminish Wellington, a wine producer composed a letter denouncing the treatment got by the vagrants laborers He expressed â€Å" This isn't an issue of illicit foreigners, it’s an issue of destitute outsiders that makes an issue both for the network and the laborers who don’t have respectable offices, (Wellington 1991). He relates â€Å"If you’re going to go out and pick bunch 10hours per day and need to cook over an open fire and not have a latrine or a spot to clean up or a dry spot to rest when it downpours, that’s in human† In terrain China, there is and tremendous gliding populace moving into the modern towns urban areas. Their hands have helped manufacture the urban communities tall structures, and their blood and sweat has cleared the enter-city roadways. The drudge more than 10 hours daily creating a scope of products in the manufactureing business. Let they don't have fundamental residents rights. (Chen K.K, 2002). Vagrants laborers might be laborers, however the business in just keen on investigating their most beneficial years. They are not given satisfactory asylum, not safeguarded against joblessness or mature age, they are still denied benefits extra time pay, and working hours should not exist. Hidden each hypothesis in the issue of deficient assurance. What precisely does it intend to state that vagrant specialists need sufficient insurance in the food and drink industry?. This is on the grounds that transient laborers establish the dominant part work power and are basic to the development of the business. They need sufficient security, yet they are essential. Philosophy Assessment of lodging conditions. An assessment of the lodging states of the transients laborers was led. The examination considered the instance of Sonoma and Napa countier of California. The all out number of the joined workforce is 16,000. Just 500 beds are for vagrants laborers on the whole North expense. Laborers stay in bed houses of worship, crowed into single rooms, under extension and any place they can discover space for a cover. Effect of staffing As reviewing was done on the effect of staffing and plant administration because of hostile to migration laws. A portion of the businesses in the business were 100% of the outcome showered that â€Å"immigrants. This could prompt an enormous impact on the profitability in the food and refreshment part. Another half of the work power could be lost. All things considered, others dread it would close down activities completely. In any case, some were increasingly hopeful that the business will this difficult will decrease after some time as the vagrant workforce learns the best possible procedure to pick up work. Movement issues positioned among the main five most significant work environment issues organizations face today. At the point when respondents were asked in an open finished inquiry about the most significant work environment issues confronted today, security was refered to regularly holding prepared staff and a certified working environment was the second most critical issue with rivalry and the work deficiency tying third, correspondences positioned fourth lastly, foreigners taking fifth spot. Yearly Salary The yearly compensation of transients laborers shows that 90% of vagrants laborers are come up short on, 10% despite everything earn substantial sums of money ($75-$100) a ton). The majority of them return quite a long time after year. Employment fulfillment in great however can be better No-Match information The utilization of SSA’s â€Å" No-coordinate information concerning migration laws was investigated. A study shows that businesses utilized the equivalent SSN for upwards of 10 unique laborers in a similar assessment year upwards of multiple times over a 16-year duration examined. The outcome indicated that businesses utilized the equivalent SSN for in excess of 100 profit reports. Businesses most as often as possible related with wrong income reports had a place with industry bunches verifiably referred to utilize illicit outsiders, for example, agribusiness, food and refreshment industry. Businesses in these enterprises are well on the way to document profit reports with inaccurate data. End For quite a long time, the most work serious divisions of American farming have been reliant on outsider specialists to meet fundamental workforce needs. As of late practically all parts have managed work lack by utilizing outsider laborers. The food

Concepts of health promotion

Ideas of wellbeing advancement Before we talk about how various ideas and speculations can be utilized to advance wellbeing, medical attendants need to realize what the term wellbeing advancement implies. A legitimate meaning of wellbeing advancement originates from the W.H.O which characterizes it as the way toward empowering individuals to build power over, and to improve their wellbeing. (W.H.O 1986). Wellbeing instruction is viewed as the center part of wellbeing advancement. Until the mid 1980s the term wellbeing training was most broadly used to portray crafted by specialists, for example, medical caretakers and specialists in advancing wellbeing. Wellbeing advancement is placing training without hesitation. With proof based data, the patient is bound to conform to a treatment system in the event that she comprehends the system, the thinking behind it and is given the apparatuses to accomplish it. (McDonald et al 1999). Models are valuable instruments in Health advancement since it assists with imagining and to test hypotheses. It assists with loaning support possibly in support of speculations, clarifying marvels and plan opportunities for mediations. Beattie 1991 is a model that offers a basic examination of the wellbeing advancement collection of approaches and this model will be the structure of this article acquiring psychosocial models. His typology contends that there are 4 techniques for wellbeing advancement. Wellbeing influence by human services experts, authoritative activity, individual advising and network improvement. The Legislative Action some portion of Beatties model are intercessions driven by experts however proposed to ensure networks, for example, campaigning for a prohibition on tobacco promoting. The medical attendant is in the job of overseer recognizing what will improve the people groups wellbeing and to secure the populace by settling on more beneficial decisions increasingly accessible. Remaining in the administrative point of view, the medical attendant as a wellbeing instructor or advertiser should likewise consistently hold fast to the NMC set of accepted rules. This code directs responsibility and backing for powerless customers and in this exposition it is underscored that an individual with wellbeing conduct is a helpless. Different parts of enactment that we are compelled by a sense of honor to is the European approach system, the Health 21 targets. This was acquainted with accomplish full wellbeing potential for all individuals in the district and this world wellbeing record stresses the date and time while harming wellbeing conduct must be annihilated. Another enactment is the Patient Charter which includes the patient in their wellbeing training/advancement plan. It is indispensable for the medical caretaker to work out where the patient is with respect to changing the conduct and along these lines work at the patients pace. So as to show an away from of wellbeing instruction and advancement, a situation will be applied. Mrs Smith (nom de plume) in consistence with the NMC (2008) on secrecy, a multi year old housewife who has been conceded in the loss division after a scene of serious chest torment and a level of dyspnoea which has just gone on for 2 hours. She has been in any case well, however at 110kg and 54 she is plainly overweight. She has been a smoker for multi year. Her underlying appraisal shows that the agony isn't cardiovascular and a working analysis of intense reflux oesophagitis is made. Routine screening has indicated that she has an irregular glucose of 18mmol/L.Although there are a few medical problems featured for this situation, this article will concentrate on Mrs Smiths inclination to Type 2 diabetes mellitus because of her stoutness. Components including weight reduction and the amount she is in charge of her glucose levels in the long haul (Stratton et al 2000) can decide the inev itable result. Along these lines, the fundamental wellbeing advancement movement identifying with her is offering her guidance on weight decrease to improve her diabetic control (Terry et al 2003). So as to work out the phase of progress Mrs Smith is in, the medical attendant needs to do individual advising with the patient. This is another system of Beatties model. Here Beattie centers around the patients self-awareness and to urge the patient to have what it takes and certainty to assume greater responsibility for their wellbeing. Individual advising centers around the customers explicit necessities and regularly deals with coordinated premise and the medical attendant goes about as an advisor to talk about and arrange customer needs. Choices are made dependent on the customers wishes. The customer should be evaluated by Maslows progressive system of requirements. Abraham Maslows model shows that essential, low-level needs, for example, wellbeing must be fulfilled before more elevated level needs, for example, self-satisfaction are accomplished. While an individual is propelled to satisfy these basal wants, they keep on advancing toward development, and in the long run self-r ealization. A meeting is done at this phase of Beattie utilizing a customer focused methodology. The patient should be genuinely and mentally agreeable so as to evaluate how inspired they are and what phase of progress they are at. It is the medical caretakers job to convince or urge individuals to embrace more beneficial ways of life here, instructing the patient with proof based data to give them full comprehension of their undesirable conduct and its aftereffects. In this manner exhortation and data from the attendant is the primary highlights in Beatties wellbeing influence procedure. An applicable model to this piece of Beattie is crafted by Prochaska and DiClemente (1984, 1986) in building up the phase of progress model. This system can be utilized to depict the various stages that people progress through during wellbeing related conduct change. It centers around the people status to change or endeavor to change towards sound practices and empowers change in addictive practices. Despite the fact that the model can be utilized in addictive practices, it very well may be utilized to show that the vast majority experience various stages when attempting to change practices. The model is significant in indicating that any progress we make isn't conclusive however part of a continuous cycle. The model shows 5 phases the patient experiences. They can begin from the pre-thought stage where the patient has not yet viewed as changing their way of life, conceivably from the absence of attention to any dangers in their wellbeing conduct. Distinguishing this stage is signifi cant in light of the fact that it permits the medical attendant to understand that the patient may not be prepared to experience any change. This may mean the medicinal services specialist should concentrate on different issues. When the patient knows about the issues, she would then be able to continue to the consideration stage. At this stage the patient knows about the advantages of changing however isn't prepared to do as such and necessities data and backing to help settle on that choice. It is the attendants job to furnish the patient with proof based data to urge them to change. For a few, this stage may last just a brief period while some may never advance past this stage. An attendant must work at the patients pace and possibly proceed onward when the patient is prepared to continue to the following stage. At the point when the change appears to be conceivable and advantageous to the patient, they might be prepared to change, maybe looking for some additional help. At this stage, the patient ought to be roused and prepared for the phase of rolling out the improvement. The patient ought to be given an unmistakable objective alongside a sensible arrangement and backing at this stage. The beginning of progress needs the patient to have positive choices to do things any other way. On the off chance that the patient figures out how to roll out the improvement of her way of life with the medical attendants bolster then the patient falls into the last phase of the model Maintenance. At this stage the patient is to have moved into a more advantageous way of life and supported her new conduct. So as to break down how powerful this procedure is for the patient, the advancement should be audited and evaluated. This phases of progress model is diverse to different ideas in that it is about how people groups conduct change and not why individuals don't change. The upside of this model is that if any patient backslides back to past stages, it isn't viewed as a disappointment since she can go in reverse and advances through the patterns of progress. The patient would at present know about the advantages of changing and medical attendants just need to concentrate on little things to urge them to continue to the following stage by and by. This can be compensating to the patient as there is recognizable advancement. Most wellbeing conduct models are identified with self-viability where it includes how one individual accepts they are competent to achieve certain objectives by perhaps having the sentiment of self-esteem and being hopeful, bringing about inspiration to change. Not exclusively does self adequacy impact the difficulties the patient picks however it likewise influences how elevated expectation they set their objectives. People with a solid self-adequacy select all the more testing objectives (DeVellis, 2000 xClose DeVellis, B. M., DeVellis, R. F. (2000). Self-adequacy and wellbeing. In: A. Baum, T. A. Revenson, J. E. Artist (Eds.), Handbook of Health Psychology (pp. 235-247). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. ) than individuals with a more vulnerable self adequacy. According to the contextual investigation, on the off chance that Mrs Smith had a solid feeling of self adequacy, at that point she may bring about adherence to a specific eating routine though on the off chance that she had a more fragile feeling of self viability she will get debilitated and surrender. Self adequacy is in this way legitimately identified with the future conduct and should be considered while surveying the patient. Proceeding to the following technique of Beatties model, Community improvement is like individual guiding. The medical attendant attempts to free gatherings and networks so they perceive what they share for all intents and purpose and how social components can impact their lives. Here patients ought to be given legal help just as deliberate help. In Mrs Smiths case, her wellbeing would more than likely be improved on the off chance that she shed pounds. In a perfect world she could focus on a BMI in the area of 24-25, however this is only here and there accomplished practically speaking, yet it is none the less an objective. (Pleasant 2000). Staff in essential consideration or the coordinated diabetic center will most likely be answerable for produc

8 Famous Authors and Their Favorite Writing Spots

8 Famous Authors and Their Favorite Writing Spots As writers, we all have that place in our house where we tend to be more creative and the words just come a little easier for us. If you are serious about writing as a career or even a side job, its extremely important to find this place. It doesnt have to be anything fancy. Just somewhere that you can think and go about practicing your craft without interruption or intrusion. I find that people tend to impede my writing if I am just sitting on the couch and typing away. They may think that they are only interrupting me for a second, but they may be putting a halt to a flood of creativity that was just about ready to pour through me. And this is just as much my fault as theirs, as I should be in my Do Not Disturb spot while working. If you dont have a perfect spot in your house to do your writing in, now is the time to create one. In the film Funny Farm, one of Chevy Chases last good ones, he plays a sports writer that moves out into the country in Redbud, Vermont with his wife so he can write the next great american novel. Chases character is excited about a room upstairs with a gorgeous view that will be perfect for him to write in. But soon, there are constant interruptions and he cant write anything substantial. The birds outside his window are driving him crazy. The maniacal mailman is disturbing him enough that he often stops writing completely so he can get his mail and some revenge. They find a body buried in their yard. He starts to go fishing instead of working. And then, he finally gives up on his dream of writing that novel that he has been talking about for years. Dont let this happen to you. Draw some inspiration from the writing spaces that successful authors have constructed for themselves. You m ight even be surprised that some very famous authors choose to write outside their house instead! 1. Charles Dickens British novelist Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth, England. Over the course of his entire writing career, he wrote the forever classic novels Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, Nicholas Nickleby, David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities and Great Expectations. This is quite a resume of beloved books. For most of them, Dickens would insist on writing at his familiar desk and chair. He felt he did his best work at his beloved desk, and would often have it shipped with him when he knew he would be gone awhile from home. If you are interested in seeing the  desk and chair in person, they are on display at the Charles Dickens Museum at the authors former home in London. 2. Virginia Woolf Adeline Virginia Woolf was an English writer born in 1882 who is considered one of the foremost modernists of the twentieth century. She is best known for her novels Mrs. Dalloway (1925) and To the Lighthouse (1927).  Every morning she would walk down to the basement and into a storage room with a cozy old armchair that she loved. She would write away sitting in the armchair in her peace and quiet. 3. Agatha Christie Agatha Christie was born Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller on September 15, 1890 in the southwest part of England. The youngest of three children, she was educated at home by her mother who would always encourage her daughter to write. Christie was an author who would churn out classical detective stories at an astounding rate. In fact, she is tied with William Shakespeare as the best selling fiction author of all time. Where did Christie conceive all of her masterpieces? She most often would be sitting in her large Victorian bathtub eating apples as the created the plots to her novels. 4. Edith Wharton Edith Newbold Jones was born into a wealthy New York family, and later in life married a rich banker named Edward Wharton in 1885. After her marriage ended in divorce in 1913, she began to write stories set among turn-of-the-century New York society. She did not have her first novel published until the age of 40. This did not slow her down though, she eventually wrote 38 books. The most well known book was the Pulitzer Prize winner The Age of Innocence. Most mornings, she would write while still covered up in bed. It was her preferred spot. She would have her dog on one side of her, and an ink bottle on the other. Her secretary would later type up all the pages she had written by hand. 5. Stephen King Before Stephen King became recognized as one of the best horror writers of all time, he was a struggling English teacher living out of a trailer with his wife Tabitha. She worked at Dunkin Donuts on the second shift. King couldnt even afford his own typewriter, so he used his wifes as he worked at his makeshift desk that was sandwiched between the washing machine and the dryer. He would literally lock himself in the laundry room to do his writing. It was there that he created his first hit novel Carrie. It just goes to show you, you do not need a fancy spot to complete your writing in. You just need a location that is suitable for you! 6. E.B. White E.B. White is best known for writing his book Charlottes Web. Everyone loved that little runt Wilbur and the spider Charlotte. White did not believe in picking out the quietest spot to write. He would most often work in his living room as the bustle of life went on around him. He would say that his family never bothered to be quiet as he wrote, they would continue acting as if he wasnt even around. He once said,    A writer who waits for ideal conditions under which to work will die without putting a word on paper. Perhaps you write in a similar environment? 7. Ernest Hemingway Every serious writer knows who Ernest Hemingway was because he was definitely a like-minded individual. He took his craft seriously.  He was well known for novels like The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea. In 1954, Hemingway even won the Nobel Prize. He committed suicide on July 2, 1961, in Ketchum, Idaho. He never had a set place where he liked to write, but he did have a time of the day that he favored. Hemingway would often write as soon as it first became light in the morning. He cherished the quietness and the chill in the air. He would usually try to write for six hours a day, and then stop and wait until the next morning where he could continue on with his craft. 8. Mark Twain Mark Twain had a private study built separate from his house so he could be secluded while writing and also smoke his cigars that his wife hated. Best known for The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), Twain was a living legend back in his day. He followed his routine for writing almost every day. He would go to his study after having a large breakfast. Once there, he would skip lunch and work without interruption until almost five at night. If the family needed him for anything at the house, they would blow a loud horn and he would come.

Income Inequality Due to Uneven Wealth and Power Distribution Experienced in Lagos, Nigeria - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2814 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Finance Essay Level High school Tags: Income Inequality Essay Did you like this example? Lagos, Nigeria is home to 21 million people, making it the most populous city in Nigeria and the largest city in Africa. Lagos is home to a variety of ethnic groups with the Yoruba being their dominant ethnic group followed by over 250 other ethnic groups who migrated to Lagos from other surrounding countries as well as from different parts of Nigeria. While Lagos handles a big portion of Nigerias imports and goods, the majority of the population is living in poverty. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Income Inequality Due to Uneven Wealth and Power Distribution Experienced in Lagos, Nigeria" essay for you Create order Nigerias five richest men have a combined wealth of almost thirty billion dollars, and within Lagos there are also a good variety of millionaires. Yet, around 66% of Lagos population is currently residing in slums. Due to this vast gap in economic distribution, my focus for this paper will be on the income inequality, and the severe effects it has on those who reside in Lagos, due to the uneven wealth and power distribution. Over the last two decades of the 20th century, Lagos has been plagued by a quality of life that seems to be deteriorating as life passes. Their population has lived with high levels of poverty, over congested road systems, massive floods, proliferation of slums, environmental degradation, disrupted sewerage system, and an increasing crime rate that does not seem to be slowing down any time soon. If we retract to Nigerias pre 19th century colonization, we can see that the country as a whole was flourishing with empires, towns, cities, and kingdoms that would resemble something out of one of todays well established urban places. However, once the colonizers established a system of urbanization within Lagos, Nigeria, much of how their system was previously run, had disappeared. Where, there was once a flourishing city, built with residual wealth between their people, there is now extensive social inequality within these new age megacities. Once these megacities were built, the majority of the population was seeking work in these multiplying industries and began to abandon their occupations within the farmlands. While, others fled to these new megacities due to their medical debts that were hardly being covered within the farmland industry. This rural-urban migration ended with much disappointment when individuals found that moving to cities was not enough to secure a job. These individuals migrated for the hope that they would find work opportunities that were not, otherwise, available to them back home. The problem with this is, that many of these job opportunities were not all they were painted out to be, they tended to exploit their workers because they knew that most of them didnt have many other options. They had to find work, and when it proved to be a relatively competitive market, they failed to secure a lucrative employment and began to struggle. This struggle manifested itself into what we now identify as slums. The more people who migrated in hopes of finding stable income, the more proliferation of slums was brought about. More than half of the workforce in Lagos city is drawn from neighboring slums. There is currently a poverty issue occurring within Lagos, and the evidence of this issue lies within Ajegunle, which can be described as holding similarities to what we would consider a mega slum. In the Planet of Slums by Mike Davis, he describes slums as any given area which has fallen into decay or being in despair, has poor ventilation if any, a very low amount of sanitation facilities, overcrowding, scarce building management, all of which pose a threat or risk to the health of living individuals within that space. While, Mega slums emerge as shanty-towns and squatter communities that merge in continuous belts of informal housing and poverty, usually on the urban periphery. (Davis 2006, 27) The trickle-down development approach that was established within Lagos led to much of the uneven wealth and power distribution, which in turn led to the majority of the population being forced to live in poverty. This development led to economic growth benefiting the non-poor and furthering the inequalities and poverty experienced by the poor. There is evidence that income inequality is a strong indicator of poverty within a place, not so much that there is a decline in the average income being made but more so that the income being made is not being distributed evenly amongst a population. The higher the level of inequality, the weaker the linkage between poverty reduction and growth; and the higher the growth rate needed to reach a given target of poverty reduction. (Ohwotemu 2010, 13) Developing countries such as Nigeria deal with much poverty and income inequality issues and it has been a long-standing battle for Lagos as well, because this inequality and its rise will threaten the growth and poverty reduction targets. Lagos handles eighty percent of Nigerias imported goods and Nigeria holds the greatest concentration of export and government revenue dependence on a natural resource commodity (Ohwotemu 2019, 23) and yet somehow the increasing income only allows for the further rising of poverty due to the uneven distribution of income. Nigerias economy thrives from a growing technological sector, agriculture, and oil exports. So much so that the 521.8 billion dollars of their gross domestic product is dependent on these attributes. This has since been a major development objective to understand how an entire country can become rich. It is evident that in order to move forward with the developmental process within Lagos, Nigeria, there needs to be an uplifting of the economic troubles experienced by the less well off. The only way to achieve this economic growth for the poor, is for the growth to be bias in favor to them. However, evidence suggests that the wealthy believe that they will only stay wealthy if the poor remain poor, and this toxic mentality is what will continue to lead Lagos, Nigeria to increased levels of poverty and despair. Nigeria has all the resources at hand to make sure their population remains well off, yet lack of resources is obviously not the problem, but the way they are being used, the embezzlement and disbursement of them, is. The corrupt political figures of Nigeria are disconnected with the average income and below poverty income population of Lagos. These elite do not relate to them, and in turn do not work to find resolutions to adhere the poverty population with abilities to rise above their situation. The goal is for Lagos to develop a society where ending the poverty rate will improve the poors well-being, where no persons is disadvantaged when it comes to basic humans needs such as nourishment, living long and healthy lives, or babies dying from being born prematurely. The poverty-stricken population lack resources that allows them to meet their basic human needs, which is why the well-off population maintains their above average status. When these populations of poor individuals are not able to have an education, they struggle with finding good jobs that will allow them to feed their families and themselves. This lack of education leads to struggling financially, which in turn leads to falling ill. When these individuals are not getting their proper nutrition, they began to get sick and get sick fast. Within these poor communities and slums, there are little to no proper health sanitation facilities, and this leads to them not attaining the proper care they would otherwise rece ive if they were well-off. Per the World Health Organization, from Jan. 1 to April 15, 2018 1,849 cases of Lassa fever were found in 21 states in Nigeria, with Lagos among them. (Kellogg 2018) Lassa fever usually virally infects individuals through rats and whom live in places with poor sanitation. There are also women who become pregnant while living in these poor and disease filled conditions and struggle to make it to term with their children, many of them deliver premature babies because they dont have access to proper nutrition. Yet many of the premature children dont make it past a couple of days due to their lack of medical attention. Included in this devastating cycle, are mothers who die during childbirth because they arent healthy and dont have access to a medical team. The unequal distribution of wealth is only a fraction of the problems faced by the larger portion of the impoverished individuals within Lagos. Among those problems are unequal access to basic infrastructur es as well as a drought in job opportunities. The high unemployment rate being experienced by the youth of Lagos is a direct correlation of the misconduct of the resources within Nigeria. The slums in Lagos depict the contradictions inherent in unequal capitalist interrelationships between the rich and the poor in symbiotic relationships. (Adejare and Akanle 2017, 5) All the corruption within Lagos boils down to one, openly known fact, the rich are powerful enough to remain above the law while the poor continue to be powerless. This is evident in the case of riverbank community Otodo-Gbame, a slum, being demolished and getting rid of its residents by teargases and bullets at the hands of law enforcements, who were following the requests of Nigerias elite. The elite make enough revenue to lift the poor out of slums and a life filled with poverty, for the annual wealth they accumulate in those 24 months, they have enough to lift two million people out of their economic crisis. Yet the y seek to do the opposite, their greed and corruption is fueled by the desire to build luxury hotels and high-rise buildings, leaving 300,000 Nigerians without a place to call a home. They do not feel that the life of the poor is adequate enough to suffice any losses of wealth to themselves. The wealthy are fueled by greed and desire to attain more wealth, without ever stopping to think about the struggles faced by the majority of the population whom faces unequal distributions. The well-off are stripping these communities of the only homes they know, many of them who have called the same house home for years after the independence from colonization. These poverty-stricken individuals have already struggled enough as is, while trying their hardest to find any way to make money in order to survive. Yet, many of these wealthy individuals could care less, and decided they needed that land to build their buildings that will produce them with future revenues. There is still a debate occurring wondering whether economic growth is enough to suffice a reduction in the poverty experienced within Nigeria. It is evident that throughout history, the wealth of nations has relied upon factors such as population growth, the social, physical and human capital accumulation, and structural change such as technological progress. Overpopulation is something critical that Lagos is trying to deal with because they do not currently hold enough economic opportunities to suffice the ever-growing population they are faced with. People are migrating to Lagos from all parts of the country and they are making their way there blindly, with no jobs in sight and not enough housing available to them. This is increasing the homeless population and furthering the economic troubles of those already there. This rural-urban migration leads to much of the congestion that Lagos is currently experiencing and it usually leads to degeneration of a society fighting be the ones to survive within the community. Consequently, this systematic approach leads to another issue Lagos is currently dealing with known as urban traffic congestion which results from too many people using the same road systems, especially when trying to commute to and from work or school. This leads to people heading out for the roads before the sun rises and not arriving home until long after the sun sets. Megacities such as that of Lagos, tend to deal with constant stress from traffic congestion due to lack of proper road network systems, and this is something they will continue to deal with until the roads become sufficient enough to hold the growing population of commuters. Moreover, the attributing complication of urban gentrification shows evidence that the wealthy make no plans to attribute help to the poor population but in fact have underlying motivations to eradicate the chantey community. As I previously discussed, the corrupt wealthy investors living within Lagos have been fueled by greed to move forward with desires of waterfront lands. They achieve such not only by demolishing slums located within the areas they hanker after, but then building lavish edifices that leave no choice but to push below well-off populations out from there. The relatively poor inhabitants can no longer afford homes or lifestyles near these new communities and are left to fend for new homes and new communities. This style of gentrification leaves the well-off with new lands and the less wealthy with no accessibility to these communities. Per the World Data Bank statistics, 62 percent of Nigerians live on less than $1.25 per day. (Hughes 2015) This is not nearly enough to survive after being uprooted from your home due to corrupt political instability. Although many promises have been made in regards to the ever-growing gap between the wealthy and the poor in Lagos and how it will be eradicated, little has actually been done to fulfill these wishes. In fact, since the 1970s Nigeria has helped produce over $400 billion dollars from oil revenue yet Nigeria is also more disadvantaged today than it was forty years ago. Sources believe this is due to the constantly growing society that produces ethnically polarized communities. These societies then show behaviors of competitiveness and desires to have their society function in a way that they believe is best, even if it differs from their neighbors opinions and beliefs and this leads to social conflict. This can be transcended into circumstances such as new policies, educational topics, infrastructure, and so on. Prior to the colonization of Lagos, societies worked together to function and ensure success for all parties involved, because they believed that the uplifting of one another w ill equate to overall prosperity within the given society. However, upon post-independence, different ethnic groups began to fear the control of a dominating group, which led different ethnic groups to only provide for themselves. This is where certain wealthy investors and well-off populations continued to climb the economic latter, by looking out for themselves, while the poor were left out to fend for themselves with what already little amounts of resources they had. No one wants to mix themselves with the poor, they believe that no matter how humble you are or appear to be, once you make it out of poverty, you must not associate with those in a lower class than yourself. Now, here we are in 2018 and no changes have been made to eliminate this dangerous cycle that is being lived out in Lagos. Sure, elite political figures have made promises of how to save Nigeria billions of dollars from foreign exchange by producing refineries in Lagos that will aid the structural issues that Nigeria has been dealing with for many years. Chairman and chief executive of a company looking to build this refinery, Aliko Dangote, believes that with the production of this industrial project, Lagos will be able to invest more funds within their community. However, this is hardly a solution from the point of view of those living in impoverishment, because no matter how much revenue is kept within Nigeria itself, no amount of new or old wealth will pass onto those individuals. As the rich get richer, the poor will progressively become poorer. The only solution to the income inequality being felt by the below poverty community is to diminish the wealth gap and to redistribute the power of the politicians and elite. Sadly, no effective policies have been put forth to allow such a plan to be acted out. The amount of planning that needs be invested into these future policies is abundant, and needs to be delivered by politicians looking to create a society in Lagos that equally thrives, not just on the back of the economically well off. Should you look at Lagos, Nigeria from the outside in, it will be easy to believe that the city as a whole is thriving economically due to all the fortunes they have acquired through their oil based resources and fellow endeavors. For this reason, no one has implemented change within Lagos and their economy. Granted, the growing poverty rate in Lagos is astonishing seeing as 65% of Lagos population is living in slums and settlements, with no attainable possibilities of making it out. The endles s work these individuals put in to migrate into mega-cities in hopes of finding work leads them to no avail since these job opportunities they set sail to find are nonexistent for the growing population. Greed and corruption of the wealthy population is amongst the leading factors behind the growing poverty rate within Lagos, with no end to the corruption in site. So long as the wealth gap exists, so will the growing poverty population, in turn creating more slums and only benefiting the rich.

What I Learned About Leadership From Nelson Mandela

â€Å"What I Learned about Leadership from Nelson Mandela†. Larissa Carter Administrative Leadership PA562 Instructor: John Nesbitt May 2, 2015 Number of Words w/o Footnotes: 2111 Spell/Grammar Checked: Y Number of Fnotes/Sources Citations: 34 Sources Number of Sources: 12 Style Manual: Chicago Style Format Introduction on Leadership of Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was the first Black President of South Africa that helped end Apartheid in South Africa. As stated, his political activity started when the apartheid policy of racial segregation won the elections (Nelson Mandela Leadership 2015). When he began to realize nonviolence would not suffice, he resorted to guerrilla warfare to achieve his means. As stated, United States deemed Mandela as a terrorist and refused him entry (Nelson Mandela Leadership 2015). Nelson Mandela demonstrated The Five Practices Exemplary Leadership by Kouzes and Posner which are the best leadership experiences (Kouzes and Posner 2007, 14). 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Apartheid was a government system that South Africa used from the years 1948 to 1994 (â€Å"Frederik Willem De Klerk†). The word apartheid means separateness which is exactly what the government wanted to do to whites and non-whites (â€Å"Frederik Willem De Klerk†). They took the rights of Non-whites in South Africa and forced them to separate themselves from whites (â€Å"Frederik Willem De Klerk†). Apartheid meant fewer public assistance and entrances for people whoRead MoreStudent leadership1112 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Student Leadership Application 1. Why do you want to be a member of the Student Academy Leadership Team? I would like to be a member of the Student Academy Leadership team because I think I’d make a good head boy and I’d do everything I can to make a difference to the academy and improve anything that needs to be improved. I am only in year 7 meaning I’m not too familiar with the Academy but so far I love it. 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The system was in effect from 1948 to 1993Read MoreBiography Of Nelson Mandela And Former President Of South Africa2454 Words   |  10 Pages NELSON MANDELA: Former President of South Africa new title? a leader towards freedom Kelly McIntyre Keegan Twomey Amanda Federico MGT 713.02 April 20, 2015 Introduction Biography (Q’s 1-3) Background Influences (4-5) Power influence over others (6-7) Our evaluation of him (8-10) Conclusion The definition of a leader can vary, but the simplest definition is someone who has followers. More specifically, â€Å"leadership is a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others

Vaccination For The Immigrant Families - 2201 Words

Vaccination outreach to immigrant families in the U.S Lucero Osorio-Torillo AP Biology Today immigrants make up approximately 13% of the U.S. population. From 1900 to 1930, immigrants made up somewhere around 12% and 15% of the population (which is about forty two to forty eight million people), and similar increases happened in the 1850s and 1880s. Close to 47 percent of immigrants are naturalized citizens and the remaining 53 percent are undocumented immigrants. Immigrants, being the largest and most rapidly growing population in the U.S., still have the lowest access to medical care, making it difficult to access medical attention like vaccines. Many of the key reasons as to why getting medical attention is so hard is due to the high cost of medical care, having poor work benefits, not being able to qualify for medical care, and fear of having to provide documentation if a case ever involves being an undocumented immigrant, because legal status can have a big impact on eligibility for any health care service. Not getting vaccinations could have many consequences. N ot getting a vaccine can make someone very vulnerable to getting sick, causing social implications like exclusion and isolation from others in order to not risk others getting sick as well. 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The Atlantic System and Africa free essay sample

The Atlantic System and Africa, 1550-1800 10. Plantations in the West Indies AY. Colonization Before 1650 * 10. Spanish settlers introduced sugar-cane cultivation into the West Indies shortly after 1 500 but did not do much else toward the further development of the islands. After 1600 the F-ranch and English developed colonies based on tobacco cultivation. * 20. Tobacco consumption became popular in England in the early 16005. Tobacco production in the West Indies was stimulated by two new developments: the formation of chartered companies and the availability of cheap labor in the form of European indentured servants. 30. In the mid-sass competition from milder Virginia tobacco and the expulsion of experienced Dutch sugar producers from Brazil combined to bring the West Indian economies from tobacco to sugar production. * 40. The Portuguese had introduced sugar-cane cultivation to Brazil, and the Dutch West India Company, chartered to bring the Dutch wars against Spain to the New World, had taken control of 1 ,OOH miles of sugar-producing Brazilian coast. We will write a custom essay sample on The Atlantic System and Africa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Over a fifteen-year period the Dutch improved the efficiency f the Brazilian sugar industry and brought slaves from Elmira and Land (also seized from Portugal)to Brazil and the West Indies. 50. When Portugal reconnected Brazil in 1 654, the Dutch sugar planters brought the Brazilian system to the French and English Caribbean Islands. BOO. Sugar and Slaves * 10. Between 1640 and the sass colonies like Guadalupe, Martinique, and particularly Barbados made the transition from a tobacco economy to a sugar economy. In the process of doing so, their demand for labor caused a sharp and significant increase in the volume of the Atlantic slave trade. 0.The shift from European indentured servants to enslaved African labor was caused by a number of factors, including a decline in the numbers of Europeans willing to indenture themselves to the West Indies, the fact that the life expectancy of a slave after landing was longer than the term of the typical contract of indenture, and a rise in sugar prices that made planters more able to invest in slaves. 110. Plantation Life in the Eighteenth Century AY. Technology and Environment * 10. Sugar plantations both grew sugar cane and processed the cane into sugar crystals, molasses, and rum.The technology for growing and harvesting cane was simple, but the machinery required for processing (rollers, copper kettles, and so on) was more complicated and expensive. The expenses Of sugar production led planters to seek economies of scale by running large plantations. * 20. Sugar production damaged the environment by causing soil exhaustion and deforestation. Repeated cultivation of sugar cane exhausted the soil of the plantations and led the planters to open new fields, thus accelerating the deforestation that had begun under the Spanish. * 30.European colonization led to the introduction of European and African lands and animals that crowded out indigenous species. Colonization also pushed the Arrack and then the Carob people to extinction. BOO. Slaves Lives * 10. West Indian society consisted of a wealthy land-owning plutocracy, their many slaves, and a few people in between. * 20. A plantation had to extract as much labor as possible from its slaves in order to turn a profit. Slaves were organized into gangs for fieldwork, while those male slaves not doing fieldwork were engaged in specialized tasks. * 30.Slaves were rewarded for good work and punished harshly for failure to meet their reduction quotas or for any form of resistance. On Sundays, slaves cultivated their own food crops and did other chores; they had very little rest and relaxation, no education, and little time or opportunity for family life. * 40. Disease, harsh working conditions, and dangerous mill machinery all contributed to the short life expectancy of slaves in the Caribbean. The high mortality rate added to the volume of the Atlantic slave trade and meant that the majority of slaves on West Indian plantations were born in Africa. 50. Slaves frequently ran away and occasionally staged violent rebellions such as hat led by a slave named Tacky in Jamaica in 1760. European planters sought to prevent rebellions by curtailing African cultural traditions, religions, and languages. CO. Free Whites and Free Blacks * 10. In Saint Dominion there were three groups of free people: the wealthy great whites, the less-well-off little whites, and the free blacks. In the British colonies, where sugar almost completely dominated the economy, there were very few free small landholders, white or black. 20. Only a very wealthy man could afford the capital to invest in the land, machinery, and slaves needed to establish a sugar plantation. West Indian planters were very wealthy and translated their wealth into political power, controlling the colonial assemblies and even gaining a number of seats in the British Parliament. ;k 30. Slave owners who fathered children by female slaves often gave both mother and child their freedom; over time, this practice (manumission) produced a significant free black population. Another source of free black population was runaway slaves, known in the Caribbean as maroons. 1110. Creating the Atlantic Economy AY. Capitalism and Mercantilism * 10. The system of royal monopoly control of colonies and their trade as recited by Spain and Portugal in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries proved to be inefficient and expensive. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the two new institutions of capitalism and mercantilism established the framework within which government-protected private enterprise participated in the Atlantic economy. 20 . The mechanisms of early capitalism included banks, joint-stock companies, stock exchanges, and insurance. * 30. Mercantilism was a number of state policies that promoted private investment in overseas trade and accumulation of capital in the form of precious metals. The instruments of mercantilism included chartered companies, such as the Dutch West India Company and the French Royal African Company, and the use of military force to pursue commercial dominance. * 40.The French and English eliminated Dutch competition from the Americas by defeating the Dutch in a series of wars between 1652 and 1678. The French and the English then revoked the monopoly privileges of their chartered companies, but continued to use high tariffs to prevent foreigners from gaining access to trade with their colonies. The Atlantic became the major trading area for the British, the French, and the Portuguese n the eighteenth century. 80. The Atlantic Circuit * 10.The Atlantic Circuit was a clockwise network of trade routes going from Europe to Africa, from Africa to the plantation colonies Of the Americas (the Middle Passage), and then from the colonies to Europe. If all went well, a ship would make a profit on each leg of the circuit. * 20. The Atlantic Circuit was supplemented by a number of other trade routes: Europe to the Indian Ocean, Europe to the West Indies, New England to the West Indies, and the Triangular Trade between New England, Africa, and the West Indies. 30. As the Atlantic system developed, increased demand for sugar in seventeenth and eighteenth century Europe was associated with an increase in the flow of slaves from Africa to the New World. * 40. The slave trade was a highly specialized business in which chartered companies(in the seventeenth century) and then private traders (in the eighteenth century) purchased slaves in Africa, packed them into specially designed or modified ships, and delivered them for sale to the plantation colonies. * 50.Disease, maltreatment, suicide, and psychological depression all contributed to the average death rate of one out of every six slaves shipped on the Middle Passage. Disease was the single most important cause of death, killing the European crewmen of the slave ships at roughly the same rate as it killed the slaves themselves. VIVO. Africa, the Atlantic, and Islam AY. The Gold Coast and the Slave Coast * 10. European trade with Africa grew tremendously after 1 650 as merchants sought to purchase slaves and other goods.The growth in the slave trade was accompanied by continued trade in other goods, but it did not lead to any significant European colonization Of Africa. 20. African merchants were discriminating about the types and the amounts of merchandise that they demanded in return for slaves and other goods, and they raised the price of slaves in response to increased demand. African governments on the Gold and Slave Coasts were strong enough to make Europeans observe African trading customs, while the Europeans, competing with each other for African trade, were unable to present a strong united bargaining position. 30. Exchange of slaves for firearms contributed to state formation in the Gold and Slave Coasts. The kingdom of Doomed used rearms acquired in the slave trade in order to expand its territory, while the kingdoms of Oho and Sensate had interests both in the Atlantic trade and in overland trade with their northern neighbors. * 40. The African kings and merchants of the Gold and Slave Coasts obtained slaves from among the prisoners of war captured in conflicts between African kingdoms. BOO. The Bight of Bavaria and Angola * 10.There were no sizeable states-?and no large-scale wars-?in the interior of the Bight of Bavaria; kidnapping was the main source of people to sell into slavery. African traders who specialized in procuring people for he slave trade did business at inland markets or fairs and brought the slaves to the coast for sale. * 20. In the Portuguese-held territory of Angola, Afro- Portuguese caravan merchants brought trade goods to the interior and exchanged them for slaves, whom they transported to the coast for sale to Portuguese middlemen, who then sold the slaves to slave dealers for shipment to Brazil.Many of these slaves were prisoners of war, a byproduct generated by the wars of territorial expansion fought by the federation of Landau kingdoms. * 30. Enslavement has also been linked to environ mental rises in the interior of Angola. Droughts forced refugees to flee to kingdoms in better-watered areas, where the kings traded the grown male refugees to slave dealers in exchange for Indian textiles and European goods that they then used to cement old alliances, attract new followers, and build a stronger, larger state. * 40.Although the organization Of the Atlantic trade varied from place to place, it was always based on a partnership between European traders and a few African political and merchant elites who benefited from the trade while many more Africans suffered from it. CO. Africans European ND Islamic Contacts * 10. In the centuries between 1550 and 1800 Europeans built a growing trade with Africa but did not acquire very much African territory. The only significant European colonies were those on islands; the Portuguese in Angola, and the Dutch Cape Colony, which was tied to the Indian Ocean trade rather than to the Atlantic trade. 20. Muslim territorial dominance was much more significant, with the Ottoman Empire controlling all of North Africa except Morocco and with Muslims taking large amounts of territory from Ethiopia. In the 1 sass Morocco attacked the sub-Sahara Muslim mining Of Shanghai, occupying the area for the next two centuries and causing the bulk of the trans-Sahara trade in gold, textiles, leather goods, and kola nuts to shift from the western Sudan to the central Sudan. * 30.The trans-Sahara slave trade was smaller in volume than the Atlantic slave trade and supplied slaves for the personal slave army of the Moroccan rulers as well as slaves for sugar plantation labor, servants, and artisans. The majority of slaves transported across the Sahara were women destined for service as concubines or servants and children, including eunuchs, meant for revive as harem guards. * 40. Muslims had no moral objection to owning or trading in slaves, but religious law forbade the enslavement of fellow Muslims.Even so, some Muslim states south of the Sahara did enslave African Muslims. * 50. Muslim cultural influences south of the Sahara were much stronger than European cultural influences. Islam and the Arabic language spread more rapidly than Christianity and English, which were largely confined to the coastal trading centers. * 60. The European and Islamic slave trade could not have had a significant effect on the overall population of he African continent, but they did have an acute effect on certain areas from which large numbers of people were taken into slavery.The higher proportion of women taken across the Sahara in the Muslim slave trade magnified its long-term demographic effects. 70. The volume Of trade goods imported into sub-Sahara Africa was not large enough to have had any significant effect on the livelihood of traditional African artisans. Both African and European merchants benefited from this trade, but Europeans directed the Atlantic system and derived greater benefit from it than the African merchants did.